Emily Dickinson

Born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Elizabeth Dickinson grew up in a prominent New England family, her grandfather Samuel Dickinson had founded Amherst College, and her father Edward served as its treasurer and as a United States congressman. She attended Amherst Academy for seven years and spent one year at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before returning home, apparently unwilling to make the public declaration of faith the school required. From her early thirties onward she increasingly withdrew from society, rarely leaving the family homestead and eventually communicating with most visitors only through a closed door. She dressed exclusively in white and became, to the townspeople of Amherst, an enigmatic recluse. Behind that door she was prolific beyond anyone’s knowledge. She composed approximately 1,800 poems, hand-stitching many of them into small booklets called fascicles, using dashes, slant rhyme, unconventional capitalization, and compressed metaphor in ways that anticipated modernist poetry by half a century. Only ten of her poems appeared in print during her lifetime, most of them altered by editors to fit conventional taste. Her subjects ranged across death, immortality, nature, and ecstasy with an intensity that could concentrate the cosmos into a quatrain. After her death on May 15, 1886, from Bright’s disease, her sister Lavinia discovered the cache of nearly eighteen hundred poems in a locked chest. The first posthumous volume appeared in 1890 and went through eleven editions in two years. With Walt Whitman, she is now recognized as one of the two foundational poets of American literature, though the two never met, never read each other, and could hardly have been more different in temperament or method.