Saint Augustine

Born on November 13, 354, in Thagaste in the Roman province of Numidia (present-day Souk Ahras, Algeria), Aurelius Augustinus was the son of Patricius, a pagan Roman official, and Monica, a devout Christian whose relentless prayers for her son's conversion would eventually make her a saint. As a young man in Carthage he took a concubine, fathered a son named Adeodatus, and embraced Manichaeism, a dualist religion his mother regarded with horror. He taught rhetoric in Rome and Milan, where the sermons of Bishop Ambrose began to crack his intellectual resistance. The crisis came in a garden in Milan in 386, when he heard a child's voice chanting "Take up and read"; he opened Paul's Epistle to the Romans and his resistance collapsed. He was baptized the following Easter. Returning to North Africa, he was ordained a priest in 391 and became Bishop of Hippo Regius in 396, a position he held for thirty-four years. The Confessions (397–400), the first great autobiography in Western literature, narrated his spiritual journey with unprecedented psychological depth. The City of God (426), written after the Visigoths sacked Rome in 410, reimagined the relationship between earthly power and divine providence. He died on August 28, 430, as the Vandals besieged his city, having shaped Western theology more profoundly than any figure between Saint Paul and Martin Luther.