Notes From the Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1864)

"I am a sick man.... I am a spiteful man." So begins the confession of a retired clerk who has sealed himself in a Petersburg cellar to think, and thinking is exactly what has ruined him. He is a logician above all, sharp enough to dismantle every reason for action before he can take one, which leaves him motionless, furious, and fully aware of being both. He would rather a man keep the right to wish for his own harm than be reduced to a piano key whose every choice is already calculated; better, he insists, that twice two makes five than that we trade our freedom for someone else's arithmetic of happiness. The terror of the book is not his suffering but his precision: his diagnosis of himself is always correct and never once sets him loose, and reading him, you may recognise the part of your own mind that watches itself fail and cannot look away.